The Five A’s of Security
Personal and online security is a desirable state and a complex idea. This guide offers a general overview of the main idea that, when used together, help us establish a level of security that makes us comfortable using our computer in an online world.
Awareness
The first subject in talking about security is awareness. We need to be aware, for example, that we are not always safe in the world (online and offline). When we are online, most people are aware that there are certain dangers such as viruses, phishing, and spam that threaten our safety (personal, financial, or data). Once we know that problems exist, we are more likely to learn about and take steps to avoid danger and keep ourselves safe and secure.
Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying that you are the real you. Your friend may authenticate you to other friends by saying something like “this is my friend Chris” (or whatever your name is). You may prove that you’re who you are to a business entity by answering questions that only you would know the answer to. You are usually being authentic when you speak honestly, from your perspective, to someone you love.
Authorization
When you are authorized, you have access to a computer system. Verifying users of your computer, or your work’s computer, or any storage systems or online accounts, can help you track the activity in files and resources. An unauthorized user can be prevented from gaining access to your information. Authorization is the process of assigning permission to use certain files and resources.
Access Control
Setting permissions on files, directories, accounts, or computers can establish limits to these resources. You may wish to be the only person that read and update your personal finances, for example. This is referred to as individual read-write access (only the owner of the file can read or update). At work, your group may have access to read and maybe edit a collaborative document. Most of the web pages offer global read-only access. Individual, group, or global access can be set to allow reading, editing, and/or other permissions.
Auditing
As individual computer users, we don’t often think about the clues that we can use to track where we’ve been and what we’ve been doing. However, whenever we visit a web site, the site’s server automatically keeps a record of things like our domain name or IP #, the time and date of our request, the page or file requested, a code indicating success or error, the number of bytes transferred, and more. As the visitor, we don’t have such tracking tools (and in many cases, don’t need them). However, as our habits and travels on the Internet are increasingly scrutinized by the sites we visit, we have a stronger case for understanding what is being compiled about us.
Coaching moment: In reality, these five A’s are somewhat intertwined. For example, it doesn’t make sense to have Authentication without Authorization. Access control doesn’t happen without Authentication and Authorization, and none of these make sense without Awareness.
What does this have to do with digital identity? These are the pieces that make up our digital records, including who we are and what we’re allowed to do. Sometimes we have control over these decisions, and sometimes control is in the hands of others. It depends on the context of where we are and what we need.
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